Knowledge and Preventive Practices for Diabetes Complications A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Introduction : With a high burden of microvascular and macrovascular consequences and an increasing prevalence, diabetes mellitus is a significant global public health concern. Adequate awareness among PLWD, their families, and medical professionals is necessary for effective prevention, and this knowledge must be translated into regular selfmanagement and system-level procedures. This review highlights risk reduction strategies, such as strict glycemic control, multifactorial risk management, structured education, and evidence-based screening, and summarizes current evidence on knowledge levels, gaps, and preventive practices for retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy/foot disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Limited knowledge of complication warning signs, poor adherence to screening intervals, and inconsistent provider application of guidelines are examples of persistent gaps. The best way to lower difficulties is to combine culturally sensitive, multifaceted education with quality-improvement and guideline-driven care.